Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

Definition:
Advanced power electronics solutions that improve grid voltage stability and efficiency in high-renewable penetration networks.

Key Components:

• Static VAR Compensators (SVCs): Adjust reactive power to maintain voltage levels.
• Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs): Improve power flow and reduce losses.
• Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs): Enhance grid flexibility and stability.

Use Cases/Industries:

• Electric Grid Operations: Balances power flows in high-voltage networks.
• Renewable Energy Integration: Mitigates variability and enhances system stability.
• Industrial Power Systems: Ensures reliable power delivery in manufacturing plants.

Advantages:

• Increases Grid Capacity: Allows higher transmission efficiency without building new lines.
• Enhances Power Quality: Reduces voltage fluctuations and improves frequency control.
• Supports Renewable Energy Expansion: Reduces transmission bottlenecks.

Challenges:

• High Capital Costs: Requires significant investment in advanced power electronics.
• Complex Implementation: Needs integration with existing grid infrastructure.

Related Terms: Power Flow Control, Voltage Stabilization, Reactive Power Compensation

Example:
A utility deployed a FACTS system to improve voltage stability and reduce transmission congestion in a wind energy corridor.