Definition: A vertical vessel used in the distillation process to separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points.
Key Components:
- Trays or Packing: Provide surface area for vapor-liquid contact.
- Condenser: Cools and condenses vapor back into liquid.
- Reboiler: Heats the bottom of the column to generate vapor.
Use Cases/Industries:
- Oil Refineries: Separating crude oil into various fractions.
- Chemical Plants: Purifying chemicals and solvents.
Advantages:
- Continuous Operation: Allows for ongoing separation processes.
- Scalability: Can be designed for various production capacities.
Challenges:
- Energy Consumption: Requires substantial heat energy.
- Maintenance: Regular upkeep needed to ensure efficiency.
Related Terms:
- Fractionating Column: Another term for distillation column.
- Rectification Column: Used for high-purity separations.
Example: A distillation column in a refinery separates crude oil into fractions like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
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Synonyms:
Fractionating Column, Rectification Column
