Flow Battery

Definition:
A rechargeable battery that stores energy in liquid electrolyte solutions, enabling long-duration energy storage.

Key Components:

• Electrolyte storage tanks
• Membrane stack
• Power conversion system

Use Cases/Industries:

• Utility-scale energy storage
• Industrial backup power
• Microgrids

Advantages:

• Long cycle life
• Scalable for large applications
• Minimal degradation over time

Challenges:

• Lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries
• High system complexity
• Expensive initial investment

Related Terms:
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Sodium-Ion Battery, Smart Grid

Example:
Vanadium flow batteries are used in large-scale solar and wind energy projects for long-duration storage.