Definition:
The process of separating a mixed stream of natural gas liquids (NGLs) into its individual components—ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline—based on their boiling points.
Key Components:
- Deethanizer: Separates ethane from heavier NGLs.
- Depropanizer: Extracts propane from the remaining liquid hydrocarbons.
- Debutanizer: Separates normal butane and isobutane from heavier hydrocarbons.
- Butane Splitter: Distinguishes isobutane from normal butane.
Use Cases/Industries:
- Petrochemical Processing: Ethane and propane are used as feedstocks for plastic and chemical production.
- Refining: Butanes are blended into gasoline.
- Aerospace and Manufacturing: Isobutane is used as a refrigerant or in fuel formulations.
Advantages:
- Product Purity: Ensures each NGL is refined to meet commercial specifications.
- Market Optimization: Separates high-value products for sale in different industries.
- Pipeline Readiness: Prepares NGLs for transportation and storage.
Challenges:
- High Energy Demand: Requires heat and pressure control for precise separation.
- Operational Complexity: Needs precise control systems to maintain product quality.
- Infrastructure Requirements: Large-scale fractionation plants require significant investment.
Related Terms:
NGL Processing, Distillation, Gas Liquid Separation
Example:
A gas processing plant uses fractionation to separate ethane for petrochemical feedstocks while selling propane and butane as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
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Synonyms:
NGL Separation, Hydrocarbon Fractionation, Distillation
